Diffusion‐weighted MRI and its role in prostate cancer

In the last 5 years, the multiparametric approach has been investigated as the method for the MRI of prostate cancer. In multiparametric MRI of the prostate, at least two functional MRI techniques, such as diffusion‐weighted MRI (DW‐MRI) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI, are combined with conventional MRI, such as T₂‐weighted imaging. DW‐MRI has the ability to qualitatively and quantitatively represent the diffusion of water molecules by the apparent diffusion coefficient, which indirectly reflects tissue cellularity. DW‐MRI is characterized by a short acquisition time without the administration of contrast medium. Thus, DW‐MRI has the potential to become established as a noninvasive diagnostic method for tumor detection and localization, tumor aggressiveness, local staging and local recurrence after various therapies. Accordingly, radiologists should recognize the principles of DW‐MRI, the methods of image acquisition and the pitfalls of image interpretation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.