EarlyView Articles

Detecting intermediate particles in the growth of colloidal zinc oxide nanoparticles in different chemical routes using MCR–ALS

Published: Jul 14, 2013

Author(s): M. Reza Hormozi‐Nezhad, Mehdi Jalali‐Heravi, Fatemeh Kafrashi

Journal: Journal of Chemometrics

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have been used in a wide‐ranging of applications such as transparent UV protection, light emitting diodes, sensors and photovoltaic cells. Many applications of ZnO nanoparticles could be improved by changing the particle size, shape and morphology. Therefore, studying the mechanism of shape evolution is crucial for size and shape controlled synthesis of nanocrystaline ZnO particles. As an alternative to...

Chloroquine and diazepam for her last sleep

Published: Jul 12, 2013

Author(s): Sarah Hangartner, Sebastian Eggert, Franz Dussy, Daniel Wyler, Thomas Briellmann

Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis

Identification of the metabolites of anti‐inflammatory compound clematichinenoside AR in rat intestinal microflora

Published: Jul 12, 2013

Author(s): Feng Li, Dawei Wang, Ping Xu, Jie Wu, Li Liu, Xiaodong Liu

Journal: Biomedical Chromatography

ABSTRACT Clematichinenoside AR (C‐AR), a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin with anti‐inflammatory and anti‐rheumatoid activities, is the main active component of the traditional Chinese medicine Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma. However, its poor oral absorption indicated that not only the parent compound C‐AR itself, but also its metabolites could be responsible for the pharmacological effects in rats. The present study aimed to investigate the...

Evaluation of calcipotriol transdermal permeation through pig, rat and mouse skin using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Published: Jul 12, 2013

Author(s): Xiaojiao Li, Jing Wang, Guoqing Li, Changqing Lin, Xueju Zhang, Yantong Sun, Yan Yang, Jingkai Gu

Journal: Biomedical Chromatography

ABSTRACT A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method to evaluate the permeation and retention of calcipotriol in excised samples of pig, rat and mouse skin after application of a calcipotriol ointment has been developed and validated. After sample preparation of ointment, skin homogenate and receptor medium by liquid–liquid extraction, chromatography was performed on an Extend‐C18 column using...

Determination of antazoline hydrochloride in rat plasma and excreta by reversed‐phase ion‐pair chromatography and its application to pharmacokinetics

Published: Jul 12, 2013

Author(s): Rui Wang, Yanle Chu, Xiaotian Li, Baoluo Wan, Tong Yu, Linxi Wang, Lianqi Hao, Maowen Guo

Journal: Biomedical Chromatography

ABSTRACT A reversed‐phase ion pair chromatography method with liquid–liquid extraction analytical method was developed and validated for the determination of antazoline hydrochloride in plasma and excreta of rat. The aim of our study was to characterize the preclinical pharmacokinetics and excretion profiles of antazoline hydrochloride in rats after intravenous injection at the dose of 10 mg/kg. Plasma and excreta samples were...

Determination of hypoglycaemia induced by insulin or its synthetic analogues post mortem

Published: Jul 11, 2013

Author(s): C. Hess, B. Madea, T. Daldrup, F. Musshoff

Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis

The determination of human insulin or its synthetic analogues in post‐mortem specimens represents a challenge for forensic toxicologists due to its proven instability in post‐mortem blood. We present two cases of an insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia. In the first case, ante‐mortem material was available for the detection of an injection with human insulin. Human insulin was detected by immunopurification with magnetic beads and liquid...

Combined solid‐phase microextraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultroviolet detection for simultaneous analysis of clenbuterol, salbutamol and ractopamine in pig samples

Published: Jul 11, 2013

Author(s): Wei Du, Siruo Zhang, Qiang Fu, Gang Zhao, Chun Chang

Journal: Biomedical Chromatography

ABSTRACT A simple and sensitive method based on the combination of solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) and high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultroviolet detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of clenbuterol, salbutamol and ractopamine in pig samples. Parameters of the SPME procedure affecting extraction efficiency, such as the type of fiber, extraction time, extraction temperature, ion strength, pH of...

Development of an LC‐MS/MS method for quantification of kadsurenone in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

Published: Jul 11, 2013

Author(s): Nan Zhang, Rui Li, Haiyao Yu, Dan Shi, Ning Dong, Sixi Zhang, Helei Wang

Journal: Biomedical Chromatography

ABSTRACT A sensitive and rapid LC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of kadsurenone in rat plasma using lysionotin as the internal standard (IS). The analytes were extracted from rat plasma with acetonitrile and separated on a SB‐C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, i.d.; 1.8 µm) at 30 °C. Elution was achieved with a mobile phase consisting of methanol–water–formic acid (65:35:0.1, v/v/v) at a flow rate of...

Variability in fasting lipid and glycogen contents in hepatic and skeletal muscle tissue in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes: a ¹ H and ¹³ C MRS study

Published: Jul 9, 2013

Author(s): M. C. Stephenson, E. Leverton, E. Y. H. Khoo, S. M. Poucher, L. Johansson, J. A. Lockton, J. W. Eriksson, P. Mansell, P. G. Morris, I. A. MacDonald

Journal: NMR in Biomedicine

The measurement of tissue lipid and glycogen contents and the establishment of normal levels of variability are important when assessing changes caused by pathology or treatment. We measured hepatic and skeletal muscle lipid and glycogen levels using 1H and 13C MRS at 3 T in groups of subjects with and without type 2 diabetes. Within‐visit reproducibility, due to repositioning and instrument errors was determined from repeat measurements...

Synchrotron radiation analysis in the study of pollution in the ring‐billed gull ( larus delawarensis ): a novel application of the technique

Published: Jul 9, 2013

Author(s): Ronald R. Martin, Steven J. Naftel, Stéphanie M. Doucet, Daniel Hanley, Christopher G. Weisner

Journal: X-Ray Spectrometry

Synchrotron radiation analysis is a powerful tool for identifying pollutants. Here, we explore the distribution of elements in the flight feathers of ring‐billed gulls, Larus delawarensis, to identify potential pollutants and their distribution throughout the feather. Our analysis using Synchrotron Radiation Analysis and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy has identified a variety of metals that are integral parts of the feather...

Volcanic glass under fire – a comparison of three complementary analytical methods

Published: Jul 9, 2013

Author(s): Fabienne M. Eder, Christian Neelmeijer, Nicholas J.G. Pearce, Max Bichler, Johannes H. Sterba, Theodoros Ntaflos, Silke Merchel

Journal: X-Ray Spectrometry

The two obsidian sources from the island of Melos (Greece), Agia Nychia and Demenegakion, are chemically characterized by three complementary analytical techniques. Ion beam analysis (IBA) comprising particle induced X‐ray emission and particle induced gamma‐ray emission, neutron activation analysis (NAA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) is applied to the same set of geological obsidian samples. ...

TXRF quantification of interfering heavy metals using deconvolution, cross‐correlation, and external standard calibration

Published: Jul 9, 2013

Author(s): M. Santibáñez, L. Bennun, L. M. Marcó‐Parra

Journal: X-Ray Spectrometry

We developed a general procedure that includes external standard calibration and a deconvolution of spectral signals, which determined with high accuracy the relative proportion and absolute quantification of elements that habitually overlap in total reflection X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The deconvolution proposed takes advantage of the well‐known method of a cross‐correlation technique, offering improvements in identification of...

Muzzle‐to‐target distance determination by X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry

Published: Jul 9, 2013

Author(s): J. F. Fonseca, M. M. Cruz, M. L. Carvalho

Journal: X-Ray Spectrometry

One of the most important aspects of the criminal investigation of a shooting incident is the target‐to‐muzzle distance determination. This determination can establish the relative positions of the shooter and the victim or even help to establish the shooters' intent. Forensic laboratories use chemographic tests as the standard procedure for this kind of analysis. These tests require the preparation of...

Application of a portable XRF analyzer to investigate the medieval wall paintings of Yemrehanna Krestos Church, Ethiopia

Published: Jul 9, 2013

Author(s): Kidane Fanta Gebremariam, Lise Kvittingen, Florinel‐Gabriel Banica

Journal: X-Ray Spectrometry

Despite the large body of ancient Ethiopian works of art in the form of murals, icons, and illuminated manuscripts, the physicochemical examinations carried out on them are few. This study is an in situ investigation of the wall paintings in the early 12th century Yemrehanna Krestos Church, Ethiopia. Fast, onsite, nondestructive analysis of the painting materials was carried out using a portable X‐ray energy fluorescence dispersive spectrometer. It ...

Identification of (2‐aminopropyl)indole positional isomers in forensic samples

Published: Jul 8, 2013

Author(s): Kenneth R. Scott, John D. Power, Seán D. McDermott, John E. O'Brien, Brian N. Talbot, Michael G. Barry, Pierce V. Kavanagh

Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis

In 2012, 5‐(2‐aminopropyl)indole (5‐API, 5‐IT) was reported by Norwegian authorities to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) via the Early Warning System (EWS). The 3‐ isomer, 3‐(2‐aminopropyl)indole (3‐API, AMT, alpha‐methyltryptamine), has been available on the recreational drugs market for a somewhat longer time, having first been reported to the EMCDDA by Finnish authorities in 2001. Both isomers are available from...

The adverse health effects of chronic cannabis use

Published: Jul 8, 2013

Author(s): Wayne Hall, Louisa Degenhardt

Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis

This paper summarizes the most probable of the adverse health effects of regular cannabis use sustained over years, as indicated by epidemiological studies that have established an association between cannabis use and adverse outcomes; ruled out reverse causation; and controlled for plausible alternative explanations. We have also focused on adverse outcomes for which there is good evidence of biological plausibility. The focus is on...

Development and validation of a simple, sensitive and accurate LC‐MS/MS method for the determination of guanfacine, a selective α _2A ‐adrenergicreceptor agonist, in plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

Published: Jul 8, 2013

Author(s): Xiaonan Li, Ning Li, Xiaolin Sun, Wei Yang, Yu Dai, Jie Xu, Wei Zhang, Chunfeng Wang, Suilou Wang, Xijing Chen

Journal: Biomedical Chromatography

ABSTRACT A simple, practical, accurate and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed and fully validated for the quantitation of guanfacine in beagle dog plasma. After protein precipitation by acetonitrile, the analytes were separated on a C18 chromatographic column by methanol and water containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid with a gradient elution. The subsequent detection utilized a mass...

Direct resolution and quantitative analysis of flurbiprofen enantiomers using microcrystalline cellulose triacetate plates: applications to the enantiomeric purity control and optical isomer determination in widely consumed drugs

Published: Jul 8, 2013

Author(s): M. Del Bubba, L. Checchini, L. Ciofi, S. Furlanetto, L. Lepri

Journal: Biomedical Chromatography

ABSTRACT Flurbiprofen enantiomers have very different pharmacological properties, since the (S)‐(+) form has a much higher anti‐inflammatory activity than the (R)‐(−) isomer, the latter being responsible for very undesirable side effects, such as gastrointestinal irritation. Based on the different biological properties of flurbiprofen enantiomers, the development of chiral chromatographic methods for the control of the enantiomeric purity is a...

Protein carbonylation as a major hallmark of oxidative damage: Update of analytical strategies

Published: Jul 7, 2013

Author(s): Maria Fedorova, Ravi Chand Bollineni, Ralf Hoffmann

Journal: Mass Spectrometry Reviews

Abstract Protein carbonylation, one of the most harmful irreversible oxidative protein modifications, is considered as a major hallmark of oxidative stress‐related disorders. Protein carbonyl measurements are often performed to assess the extent of oxidative stress in the context of cellular damage, aging and several age‐related disorders. A wide variety of analytical techniques are available to detect and...

Multiple‐echo diffusion tensor acquisition technique (MEDITATE) on a 3T clinical scanner

Published: Jul 5, 2013

Author(s): Steven H. Baete, Gene Cho, Eric E. Sigmund

Journal: NMR in Biomedicine

This article describes the concepts and implementation of an MRI method, the multiple‐echo diffusion tensor acquisition technique (MEDITATE), which is capable of acquiring apparent diffusion tensor maps in two scans on a 3T clinical scanner. In each MEDITATE scan, a set of RF pulses generates multiple echoes, the amplitudes of which are diffusion weighted in both magnitude and direction by a pattern of diffusion gradients. As a result,...