EarlyView Articles
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Anomalies in high‐field growth of aluminium oxide using pulse anodizing
Published: Apr 25, 2013
Author(s): M. Schneider, C. Lämmel, C. Heubner, A. Michaelis
Journal: Surface and Interface Analysis
The present work is motivated by own studies about the heat impact during hard anodizing where the influence of voltage pulse modulation on the temperature development inside anodic films was investigated. For a better understanding of the interplay between pulse modulation and oxide formation, pulse experiments were carried out in an acetate buffer electrolyte with varying pulse parameters. Under these conditions, the oxide film only...
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Normal and polar‐organic‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic enantioresolution of omeprazole, rabeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole using monochloro‐methylated cellulose‐based chiral stationary phase and determination of dexrabeprazole
Published: Apr 25, 2013
Author(s): Shuchi Dixit, Rituraj Dubey, Ravi Bhushan
Journal: Biomedical Chromatography
ABSTRACT Enantioresolution of four anti‐ulcer drugs (chiral sulfoxides), namely, omeprazole, rabeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole, was carried out by high‐performance liquid chromatography using a polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phase consisting of monochloromethylated cellulose (Lux cellulose‐2) under normal and polar‐organic‐phase conditions with ultraviolet detection at 285 nm. The method was validated for linearity,...
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Detection of diabetic metabolism disorders post‐mortem – forensic case reports on cause of death hyperglycaemia
Published: Apr 25, 2013
Author(s): C. Hess, K. Wöllner, F. Musshoff, B. Madea
Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis
Diabetic coma is the most severe form of hyperglycaemic metabolic disorders. The post‐mortem diagnosis of this disorder of glucose metabolism can be difficult and vague due to a lack of characteristic morphological findings. Six death cases caused by diabetic coma are described with special focus on biochemical (and histological) findings. The possible glycaemia markers glucose, lactate, HbA1c, fructosamine, anhydroglucitol, and ketone...
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A rare case of serial killing by poisoning
Published: Apr 24, 2013
Author(s): Erkki Vuori, Anna Pelander, Ilpo Rasanen, Mikko Juote, Ilkka Ojanperä
Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis
A case of serial killing by poisoning by a 59‐year‐old practical nurse is discussed. Following a report by an emergency‐room doctor of an attempted murder, police performed an investigation into all deaths of patients in the nurse's care. Earlier, a medico‐legal cause‐of‐death investigation had been performed on two of these cadavers, but in the other three cases the death certificate had been issued after a medical investigation only. In...
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MRI confirms loss of blood–brain barrier integrity in a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis
Published: Apr 22, 2013
Author(s): Dhammika H. M. L. P. Navarathna, Jeeva Munasinghe, Martin J. Lizak, Debasis Nayak, Dorian B. McGavern, David D. Roberts
Journal: NMR in Biomedicine
Disseminated candidiasis primarily targets the kidneys and brain in mice and humans. Damage to these critical organs leads to the high mortality associated with such infections, and invasion across the blood–brain barrier can result in fungal meningoencephalitis. Candida albicans can penetrate a brain endothelial cell barrier in vitro through transcellular migration, but this mechanism has not been confirmed in vivo. MRI using the extracellular...
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Chromatographic methods in the study of autism
Published: Apr 22, 2013
Author(s): Ewa Żurawicz, Joanna Kałużna‐Czaplińska, Jacek Rynkowski
Journal: Biomedical Chromatography
ABSTRACT Research into biomarkers of autism is a new means of medical intervention in this disease. Chromatographic techniques, especially coupled with mass spectrometry, are widely used in determination of biomarkers and assessment of effectiveness of autism therapy owing to their sensitivity and selectivity. Among the chromatographic techniques gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, especially high‐performance liquid...
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Immunoreactive LH in long‐term frozen human urine samples
Published: Apr 21, 2013
Author(s): Gurmeet Kaur Surindar Singh, Mark Jimenez, Ron Newman, David J. Handelsman
Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis
Urine provides a convenient non‐invasive alternative to blood sampling for measurement of certain hormones. Urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) measurements have been used for endocrinology research and anti‐doping testing. However, the commercially available LH immunoassays are developed and validated for human blood samples but not urine so that LH assays intended for use with urine samples need thorough validation. Therefore, the present...
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Nuclear spin singlet states as a contrast mechanism for NMR spectroscopy
Published: Apr 18, 2013
Author(s): Stephen J. DeVience, Ronald L. Walsworth, Matthew S. Rosen
Journal: NMR in Biomedicine
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of complex chemical mixtures often contain unresolved or hidden spectral components, especially when strong background signals overlap weaker peaks. In this article we demonstrate a quantum filter utilizing nuclear spin singlet states, which allows undesired NMR spectral background to be removed and target spectral peaks to be uncovered. The quantum filter is implemented by creating a nuclear spin...
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On the critical technological issues of friction stir welding lap joints of dissimilar aluminum alloys
Published: Apr 18, 2013
Author(s): C. Velotti, A. Astarita, A. Squillace, S. Ciliberto, M. G. Villano, M. Giuliani, U. Prisco, M. Montuori, G. Giorleo, F. Bellucci
Journal: Surface and Interface Analysis
In this article, friction stir welded lap joints of innovative dissimilar aluminum alloys have been produced and tested to investigate the feasibility of using this joining technique in this configuration. The introduction of both this new welding technique alloys, such as AA 2198, could allow making lighter and stronger structures. Some experiments, carried out previously, have shown that the fixturing device, the tool geometry, and the...
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Preliminary study on the presence of prednisolone in porcine urine and liver – How to distinguish endogenous from therapeutically administered prednisolone
Published: Apr 18, 2013
Author(s): P. Delahaut, L. Demoulin, N. Gillard, E. Fichant, D. Courtheyn
Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis
In animal breeding in Europe, synthetic corticosteroids are not allowed as growth‐promoting agents. However, prednisolone residues have recently been found in porcine urine samples collected at slaughterhouses. The aim of this work was therefore to look for prednisolone in porcine urine and liver, to determine if detected residues might be of endogenous origin, and to check the possible relation with stress. An analytical method developed...
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True versus forged in the cultural heritage materials: the role of PXRF analysis
Published: Apr 17, 2013
Author(s): A. Galli, L. Bonizzoni
Journal: X-Ray Spectrometry
Forensic and cultural heritage scientific analyses have several similarities. Indeed, they both deal with unique, ‘precious’ and often quantitatively very limited objects, which have to be preserved as much as possible. Whenever analytical examination is needed, similar requirements have to be met. Furthermore, also in cultural heritage, field scientists are looking for answers about the story behind the artefact, trying to help...
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Determination of elemental composition of Lake Baikal sponges by wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry
Published: Apr 17, 2013
Author(s): E.V. Chuparina, L. Ph. Paradina, V.A. Trunova
Journal: X-Ray Spectrometry
Sponge endemic species inhabit the Lake Baikal from the ancient times. Because the sponges are the biological filters of the Baikal water and they contribute greatly to silicon circulation in the lake, it is crucial to analyze their composition. Only a few publications report the analytical data concerning the element composition of Lake Baikal sponges. However, the analytical data were mainly obtained by destructive methods. No data on...
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Development of a high‐resolution confocal micro‐XRF instrument equipped with a vacuum chamber
Published: Apr 17, 2013
Author(s): Takashi Nakazawa, Kouichi Tsuji
Journal: X-Ray Spectrometry
A confocal micro‐X‐ray fluorescence (micro‐XRF) instrument equipped with a vacuum chamber was newly developed. The instrument is operated under a vacuum condition to reduce the absorption of XRF in the atmosphere. Thin metal layers were developed to evaluate the confocal volume, corresponding to depth resolution. A set of thin metal layers (Al, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zr, Mo, and Au) was prepared by a magnetron sputtering technique. The depth...
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Detection and identification of 2‐nitro‐morphine and 2‐nitro‐morphine‐6‐glucuronide in nitrite adulterated urine specimens containing morphine and its glucuronides
Published: Apr 17, 2013
Author(s): Susan Luong, Shanlin Fu
Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis
In vitro urine adulteration is a well‐documented practice adopted by individuals aiming to evade detection of drug use, when required to undergo mandatory sports and workplace drug testing. Potassium nitrite is an effective urine adulterant due to its oxidizing potential, and has been shown to mask the presence of many drugs of abuse. However, limited research has been conducted to understand its mechanism of action, and to explore the...
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Quantitative mouse renal perfusion using arterial spin labeling
Published: Apr 16, 2013
Author(s): Reshmi Rajendran, Si Kang Lew, Cai Xian Yong, Jolena Tan, Danny J. J. Wang, Kai‐Hsiang Chuang
Journal: NMR in Biomedicine
Information on renal perfusion is essential for the diagnosis and prognosis of kidney function. Quantification using gadolinium chelates is limited as a result of filtration through renal glomeruli and safety concerns in patients with kidney dysfunction. Arterial spin labeling MRI is a noninvasive technique for perfusion quantification that has been applied to humans and animals. However, because of the low sensitivity and vulnerability...
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A comparative study of short‐ and long‐TE 1 H MRS at 3 T for in vivo detection of 2‐hydroxyglutarate in brain tumors
Published: Apr 16, 2013
Author(s): Changho Choi, Sandeep Ganji, Keith Hulsey, Akshay Madan, Zoltan Kovacs, Ivan Dimitrov, Song Zhang, Kumar Pichumani, Dianne Mendelsohn, Bruce Mickey, Craig Malloy, Robert Bachoo, Ralph DeBerardinis, Elizabeth Maher
Journal: NMR in Biomedicine
2‐Hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is produced in gliomas with mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2. The 1H resonances of the J‐coupled spins of 2HG are extensively overlapped with signals from other metabolites. Here, we report a comparative study at 3 T of the utility of the point‐resolved spectroscopy sequence with a standard short TE (35 ms) and a long TE (97 ms), which had been theoretically designed for the detection of the 2HG 2.25‐ppm...
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Hair analysis for THCA‐A, THC and CBN after passive in vivo exposure to marijuana smoke
Published: Apr 15, 2013
Author(s): Bjoern Moosmann, Nadine Roth, Volker Auwärter
Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis
Condensation of marijuana smoke on the hair surface can be a source of an external contamination in hair analysis and may have serious consequences for the person under investigation. Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA‐A) is found in marijuana smoke and in hair analysis, but is not incorporated into the hair through the bloodstream. Therefore it might be a promising marker for external contamination of hair and could facilitate a more...
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Vibrational spectroscopy investigation of swelling phenomena in cyclodextrin nanosponges
Published: Apr 15, 2013
Author(s): Franca Castiglione, Vincenza Crupi, Domenico Majolino, Andrea Mele, Barbara Rossi, Francesco Trotta, Valentina Venuti
Journal: Journal of Raman Spectroscopy
The swelling behaviour of β‐cyclodextrin nanosponges, a new class of polymers obtained by reacting β‐cyclodextrin with pyromellitic dianhydride, has been here investigated by the analysis of the vibrational dynamics performed by using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy in Attenuated Total Reflectance geometry and Raman scattering. The measurements have been carried out at different hydration levels and in the temperature range...
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The dawn of X‐ray spectroscopy
Published: Apr 12, 2013
Author(s): L. Gerward
Journal: X-Ray Spectrometry
This paper describes a few episodes from the early days of X‐ray spectroscopy. It relies on contemporary publications, especially those by Barkla, Moseley, Siegbahn, and Compton. The paper addresses the subject from the vantage point of physics and should be of interest to the X‐ray spectroscopist, who wants to obtain a glimpse of the history of his chosen field. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Development of high performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection method for screening mebendazole, clorsulon, diaveridine, and tolfenamic acid in animal‐based food samples
Published: Apr 10, 2013
Author(s): Yun Pyo Kang, Jin Yu, Yoonyoung Huh, Jae Ho Oh, Chan Hyeok Kwon, Seul Ji Lee, Ji Won Ee, Geun Tae Kim, Jin Gyun Lee, Jeongmi Lee, Jeong Hill Park, You‐Sun Kim, Sung Won Kwon
Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis
This study focused on the detection and validation of the residues of the four veterinary drugs, mebendazole, clorsulon, diaveridine, and tolfenamic acid, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and an ultraviolet (UV) detector. Utilizing C18 column as a stationary phase and applying appropriate mobile phases to each analysis according to the properties of the analytes, target compounds in food samples were successfully...
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