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Anomalies in high‐field growth of aluminium oxide using pulse anodizing

Published: Apr 25, 2013

Author(s): M. Schneider, C. Lämmel, C. Heubner, A. Michaelis

Journal: Surface and Interface Analysis

The present work is motivated by own studies about the heat impact during hard anodizing where the influence of voltage pulse modulation on the temperature development inside anodic films was investigated. For a better understanding of the interplay between pulse modulation and oxide formation, pulse experiments were carried out in an acetate buffer electrolyte with varying pulse parameters. Under these conditions, the oxide film only...

Read More thumbnail image: Anomalies in highfield growth of aluminium oxide using pulse anodizing

Normal and polar‐organic‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic enantioresolution of omeprazole, rabeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole using monochloro‐methylated cellulose‐based chiral stationary phase and determination of dexrabeprazole

Published: Apr 25, 2013

Author(s): Shuchi Dixit, Rituraj Dubey, Ravi Bhushan

Journal: Biomedical Chromatography

ABSTRACT Enantioresolution of four anti‐ulcer drugs (chiral sulfoxides), namely, omeprazole, rabeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole, was carried out by high‐performance liquid chromatography using a polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phase consisting of monochloromethylated cellulose (Lux cellulose‐2) under normal and polar‐organic‐phase conditions with ultraviolet detection at 285 nm. The method was validated for linearity,...

Read More thumbnail image: Normal and polarorganicphase highperformance liquid chromatographic enantioresolution of omeprazole rabeprazole lansoprazole and pantoprazole using monochloromethylated cellulosebased chiral stationary phase and determination of dexrabeprazole

Detection of diabetic metabolism disorders post‐mortem – forensic case reports on cause of death hyperglycaemia

Published: Apr 25, 2013

Author(s): C. Hess, K. Wöllner, F. Musshoff, B. Madea

Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis

Diabetic coma is the most severe form of hyperglycaemic metabolic disorders. The post‐mortem diagnosis of this disorder of glucose metabolism can be difficult and vague due to a lack of characteristic morphological findings. Six death cases caused by diabetic coma are described with special focus on biochemical (and histological) findings. The possible glycaemia markers glucose, lactate, HbA1c, fructosamine, anhydroglucitol, and ketone...

Read More thumbnail image: Detection of diabetic metabolism disorders postmortem  forensic case reports on cause of death hyperglycaemia

A rare case of serial killing by poisoning

Published: Apr 24, 2013

Author(s): Erkki Vuori, Anna Pelander, Ilpo Rasanen, Mikko Juote, Ilkka Ojanperä

Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis

A case of serial killing by poisoning by a 59‐year‐old practical nurse is discussed. Following a report by an emergency‐room doctor of an attempted murder, police performed an investigation into all deaths of patients in the nurse's care. Earlier, a medico‐legal cause‐of‐death investigation had been performed on two of these cadavers, but in the other three cases the death certificate had been issued after a medical investigation only. In...

Read More thumbnail image: A rare case of serial killing by poisoning

MRI confirms loss of blood–brain barrier integrity in a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis

Published: Apr 22, 2013

Author(s): Dhammika H. M. L. P. Navarathna, Jeeva Munasinghe, Martin J. Lizak, Debasis Nayak, Dorian B. McGavern, David D. Roberts

Journal: NMR in Biomedicine

Disseminated candidiasis primarily targets the kidneys and brain in mice and humans. Damage to these critical organs leads to the high mortality associated with such infections, and invasion across the blood–brain barrier can result in fungal meningoencephalitis. Candida albicans can penetrate a brain endothelial cell barrier in vitro through transcellular migration, but this mechanism has not been confirmed in vivo. MRI using the extracellular...

Read More thumbnail image: MRI confirms loss of bloodbrain barrier integrity in a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis

Chromatographic methods in the study of autism

Published: Apr 22, 2013

Author(s): Ewa Żurawicz, Joanna Kałużna‐Czaplińska, Jacek Rynkowski

Journal: Biomedical Chromatography

ABSTRACT Research into biomarkers of autism is a new means of medical intervention in this disease. Chromatographic techniques, especially coupled with mass spectrometry, are widely used in determination of biomarkers and assessment of effectiveness of autism therapy owing to their sensitivity and selectivity. Among the chromatographic techniques gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, especially high‐performance liquid...

Read More thumbnail image: Chromatographic methods in the study of autism

Immunoreactive LH in long‐term frozen human urine samples

Published: Apr 21, 2013

Author(s): Gurmeet Kaur Surindar Singh, Mark Jimenez, Ron Newman, David J. Handelsman

Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis

Urine provides a convenient non‐invasive alternative to blood sampling for measurement of certain hormones. Urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) measurements have been used for endocrinology research and anti‐doping testing. However, the commercially available LH immunoassays are developed and validated for human blood samples but not urine so that LH assays intended for use with urine samples need thorough validation. Therefore, the present...

Read More thumbnail image: Immunoreactive LH in longterm frozen human urine samples

Nuclear spin singlet states as a contrast mechanism for NMR spectroscopy

Published: Apr 18, 2013

Author(s): Stephen J. DeVience, Ronald L. Walsworth, Matthew S. Rosen

Journal: NMR in Biomedicine

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of complex chemical mixtures often contain unresolved or hidden spectral components, especially when strong background signals overlap weaker peaks. In this article we demonstrate a quantum filter utilizing nuclear spin singlet states, which allows undesired NMR spectral background to be removed and target spectral peaks to be uncovered. The quantum filter is implemented by creating a nuclear spin...

Read More thumbnail image: Nuclear spin singlet states as a contrast mechanism for NMR spectroscopy

On the critical technological issues of friction stir welding lap joints of dissimilar aluminum alloys

Published: Apr 18, 2013

Author(s): C. Velotti, A. Astarita, A. Squillace, S. Ciliberto, M. G. Villano, M. Giuliani, U. Prisco, M. Montuori, G. Giorleo, F. Bellucci

Journal: Surface and Interface Analysis

In this article, friction stir welded lap joints of innovative dissimilar aluminum alloys have been produced and tested to investigate the feasibility of using this joining technique in this configuration. The introduction of both this new welding technique alloys, such as AA 2198, could allow making lighter and stronger structures. Some experiments, carried out previously, have shown that the fixturing device, the tool geometry, and the...

Read More thumbnail image: On the critical technological issues of friction stir welding lap joints of dissimilar aluminum alloys

Preliminary study on the presence of prednisolone in porcine urine and liver – How to distinguish endogenous from therapeutically administered prednisolone

Published: Apr 18, 2013

Author(s): P. Delahaut, L. Demoulin, N. Gillard, E. Fichant, D. Courtheyn

Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis

In animal breeding in Europe, synthetic corticosteroids are not allowed as growth‐promoting agents. However, prednisolone residues have recently been found in porcine urine samples collected at slaughterhouses. The aim of this work was therefore to look for prednisolone in porcine urine and liver, to determine if detected residues might be of endogenous origin, and to check the possible relation with stress. An analytical method developed...

Read More thumbnail image: Preliminary study on the presence of prednisolone in porcine urine and liver  How to distinguish endogenous from therapeutically administered prednisolone

True versus forged in the cultural heritage materials: the role of PXRF analysis

Published: Apr 17, 2013

Author(s): A. Galli, L. Bonizzoni

Journal: X-Ray Spectrometry

Forensic and cultural heritage scientific analyses have several similarities. Indeed, they both deal with unique, ‘precious’ and often quantitatively very limited objects, which have to be preserved as much as possible. Whenever analytical examination is needed, similar requirements have to be met. Furthermore, also in cultural heritage, field scientists are looking for answers about the story behind the artefact, trying to help...

Read More thumbnail image: True versus forged in the cultural heritage materials the role of PXRF analysis

Determination of elemental composition of Lake Baikal sponges by wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry

Published: Apr 17, 2013

Author(s): E.V. Chuparina, L. Ph. Paradina, V.A. Trunova

Journal: X-Ray Spectrometry

Sponge endemic species inhabit the Lake Baikal from the ancient times. Because the sponges are the biological filters of the Baikal water and they contribute greatly to silicon circulation in the lake, it is crucial to analyze their composition. Only a few publications report the analytical data concerning the element composition of Lake Baikal sponges. However, the analytical data were mainly obtained by destructive methods. No data on...

Read More thumbnail image: Determination of elemental composition of Lake Baikal sponges by wavelength dispersive Xray fluorescence spectrometry

Development of a high‐resolution confocal micro‐XRF instrument equipped with a vacuum chamber

Published: Apr 17, 2013

Author(s): Takashi Nakazawa, Kouichi Tsuji

Journal: X-Ray Spectrometry

A confocal micro‐X‐ray fluorescence (micro‐XRF) instrument equipped with a vacuum chamber was newly developed. The instrument is operated under a vacuum condition to reduce the absorption of XRF in the atmosphere. Thin metal layers were developed to evaluate the confocal volume, corresponding to depth resolution. A set of thin metal layers (Al, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zr, Mo, and Au) was prepared by a magnetron sputtering technique. The depth...

Read More thumbnail image: Development of a highresolution confocal microXRF instrument equipped with a vacuum chamber

Detection and identification of 2‐nitro‐morphine and 2‐nitro‐morphine‐6‐glucuronide in nitrite adulterated urine specimens containing morphine and its glucuronides

Published: Apr 17, 2013

Author(s): Susan Luong, Shanlin Fu

Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis

In vitro urine adulteration is a well‐documented practice adopted by individuals aiming to evade detection of drug use, when required to undergo mandatory sports and workplace drug testing. Potassium nitrite is an effective urine adulterant due to its oxidizing potential, and has been shown to mask the presence of many drugs of abuse. However, limited research has been conducted to understand its mechanism of action, and to explore the...

Read More thumbnail image: Detection and identification of 2nitromorphine and 2nitromorphine6glucuronide in nitrite adulterated urine specimens containing morphine and its glucuronides

Quantitative mouse renal perfusion using arterial spin labeling

Published: Apr 16, 2013

Author(s): Reshmi Rajendran, Si Kang Lew, Cai Xian Yong, Jolena Tan, Danny J. J. Wang, Kai‐Hsiang Chuang

Journal: NMR in Biomedicine

Information on renal perfusion is essential for the diagnosis and prognosis of kidney function. Quantification using gadolinium chelates is limited as a result of filtration through renal glomeruli and safety concerns in patients with kidney dysfunction. Arterial spin labeling MRI is a noninvasive technique for perfusion quantification that has been applied to humans and animals. However, because of the low sensitivity and vulnerability...

Read More thumbnail image: Quantitative mouse renal perfusion using arterial spin labeling

A comparative study of short‐ and long‐TE 1 H MRS at 3 T for in vivo detection of 2‐hydroxyglutarate in brain tumors

Published: Apr 16, 2013

Author(s): Changho Choi, Sandeep Ganji, Keith Hulsey, Akshay Madan, Zoltan Kovacs, Ivan Dimitrov, Song Zhang, Kumar Pichumani, Dianne Mendelsohn, Bruce Mickey, Craig Malloy, Robert Bachoo, Ralph DeBerardinis, Elizabeth Maher

Journal: NMR in Biomedicine

2‐Hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is produced in gliomas with mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2. The 1H resonances of the J‐coupled spins of 2HG are extensively overlapped with signals from other metabolites. Here, we report a comparative study at 3 T of the utility of the point‐resolved spectroscopy sequence with a standard short TE (35 ms) and a long TE (97 ms), which had been theoretically designed for the detection of the 2HG 2.25‐ppm...

Read More thumbnail image: A comparative study of short and longTE 1 H MRS at 3 T for in vivo detection of 2hydroxyglutarate in brain tumors

Hair analysis for THCA‐A, THC and CBN after passive in vivo exposure to marijuana smoke

Published: Apr 15, 2013

Author(s): Bjoern Moosmann, Nadine Roth, Volker Auwärter

Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis

Condensation of marijuana smoke on the hair surface can be a source of an external contamination in hair analysis and may have serious consequences for the person under investigation. Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA‐A) is found in marijuana smoke and in hair analysis, but is not incorporated into the hair through the bloodstream. Therefore it might be a promising marker for external contamination of hair and could facilitate a more...

Read More thumbnail image: Hair analysis for THCAA THC and CBN after passive in vivo exposure to marijuana smoke

Vibrational spectroscopy investigation of swelling phenomena in cyclodextrin nanosponges

Published: Apr 15, 2013

Author(s): Franca Castiglione, Vincenza Crupi, Domenico Majolino, Andrea Mele, Barbara Rossi, Francesco Trotta, Valentina Venuti

Journal: Journal of Raman Spectroscopy

The swelling behaviour of β‐cyclodextrin nanosponges, a new class of polymers obtained by reacting β‐cyclodextrin with pyromellitic dianhydride, has been here investigated by the analysis of the vibrational dynamics performed by using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy in Attenuated Total Reflectance geometry and Raman scattering. The measurements have been carried out at different hydration levels and in the temperature range...

Read More thumbnail image: Vibrational spectroscopy investigation of swelling phenomena in cyclodextrin nanosponges

The dawn of X‐ray spectroscopy

Published: Apr 12, 2013

Author(s): L. Gerward

Journal: X-Ray Spectrometry

This paper describes a few episodes from the early days of X‐ray spectroscopy. It relies on contemporary publications, especially those by Barkla, Moseley, Siegbahn, and Compton. The paper addresses the subject from the vantage point of physics and should be of interest to the X‐ray spectroscopist, who wants to obtain a glimpse of the history of his chosen field. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Read More thumbnail image: The dawn of Xray spectroscopy

Development of high performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection method for screening mebendazole, clorsulon, diaveridine, and tolfenamic acid in animal‐based food samples

Published: Apr 10, 2013

Author(s): Yun Pyo Kang, Jin Yu, Yoonyoung Huh, Jae Ho Oh, Chan Hyeok Kwon, Seul Ji Lee, Ji Won Ee, Geun Tae Kim, Jin Gyun Lee, Jeongmi Lee, Jeong Hill Park, You‐Sun Kim, Sung Won Kwon

Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis

This study focused on the detection and validation of the residues of the four veterinary drugs, mebendazole, clorsulon, diaveridine, and tolfenamic acid, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and an ultraviolet (UV) detector. Utilizing C18 column as a stationary phase and applying appropriate mobile phases to each analysis according to the properties of the analytes, target compounds in food samples were successfully...

Read More thumbnail image: Development of high performance liquid chromatographyultraviolet detection method for screening mebendazole clorsulon diaveridine and tolfenamic acid in animalbased food samples
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