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Improved three‐dimensional Look–Locker acquisition scheme and angle map filtering procedure for T 1 estimation

Published: Jun 20, 2013

Author(s): CheukKai Hui, Emilio Esparza‐Coss, Ponnada A. Narayana

Journal: NMR in Biomedicine

The three‐dimensional (3D) Look–Locker (LL) acquisition is a widely used fast and efficient T1 mapping method. However, the multi‐shot approach of 3D LL acquisition can introduce reconstruction artifacts that result in intensity distortions. Traditional 3D LL acquisition generally utilizes a centric encoding scheme that is limited to a single phase‐encoding direction in k space. To optimize k‐space segmentation, an elliptical scheme with two...

Read More thumbnail image: Improved threedimensional LookLocker acquisition scheme and angle map filtering procedure for T 1 estimation

Timing dependence of peripheral pulse‐wave‐triggered pulsed arterial spin labeling

Published: Jun 20, 2013

Author(s): Yasutaka Fushimi, Tomohisa Okada, Akira Yamamoto, Mitsunori Kanagaki, Koji Fujimoto, Kaori Togashi

Journal: NMR in Biomedicine

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) has been developed into a useful technique that is capable of quantifying noninvasively local cerebral blood flow (CBF) using the water molecules in arterial blood as diffusible tracers. Pulsed ASL (PASL) is more strongly affected than continuous ASL (CASL) by cardiac pulsation, because the tag bolus is shorter than the cardiac cycle in most cases. No reports have yet clarified the effects of multiple cardiac...

Read More thumbnail image: Timing dependence of peripheral pulsewavetriggered pulsed arterial spin labeling

MR elastography in a murine stroke model reveals correlation of macroscopic viscoelastic properties of the brain with neuronal density

Published: Jun 20, 2013

Author(s): Florian Baptist Freimann, Susanne Müller, Kaspar‐Josche Streitberger, Jing Guo, Sergej Rot, Adnan Ghori, Peter Vajkoczy, Rolf Reiter, Ingolf Sack, Jürgen Braun

Journal: NMR in Biomedicine

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of neuronal density on viscoelastic parameters of living brain tissue after ischemic infarction in the mouse using MR elastography (MRE). Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the left hemisphere was induced in 20 mice. In vivo 7‐T MRE at a vibration frequency of 900 Hz was performed on days 3, 7, 14 and 28 (n = 5 per group) after MCAO, followed by the analysis of histological...

Read More thumbnail image: MR elastography in a murine stroke model reveals correlation of macroscopic viscoelastic properties of the brain with neuronal density

Resonant inductive decoupling (RID) for transceiver arrays to compensate for both reactive and resistive components of the mutual impedance

Published: Jun 18, 2013

Author(s): Nikolai I. Avdievich, Jullie W. Pan, Hoby P. Hetherington

Journal: NMR in Biomedicine

Transceiver surface coil arrays improve transmit performance (B1/√kW) and B1 homogeneity for head imaging up to 9.4 T. To further improve reception performance and parallel imaging, the number of array elements must be increased with a corresponding decrease in their size. With a large number of small interacting antennas, decoupling is one of the most challenging aspects in the design and construction of transceiver arrays. Previously described ...

Read More thumbnail image: Resonant inductive decoupling RID for transceiver arrays to compensate for both reactive and resistive components of the mutual impedance

The impact of myelination on axon sparing and locomotor function recovery in spinal cord injury assessed using diffusion tensor imaging

Published: Jun 18, 2013

Author(s): Tsang‐Wei Tu, Joong H. Kim, Feng Qin Yin, Lyn B. Jakeman, Sheng‐Kwei Song

Journal: NMR in Biomedicine

The dysmyelinated axons of shiverer mice exhibit impaired conduction characteristics, similar to early postnatal axons before myelination, whereas the patterns of neuronal activity and connectivity are relatively comparable with those of wild‐type myelinated axons. This unique dysmyelination pattern is exploited in the present study to determine the role of compact myelin in the loss and recovery of function following traumatic spinal...

Read More thumbnail image: The impact of myelination on axon sparing and locomotor function recovery in spinal cord injury assessed using diffusion tensor imaging

Characterization of choline kinase in human endothelial cells

Published: Jun 18, 2013

Author(s): Noriko Mori, Mayur Gadiya, Flonné Wildes, Balaji Krishnamachary, Kristine Glunde, Zaver M. Bhujwalla

Journal: NMR in Biomedicine

High choline kinase‐α (Chk‐α) expression is frequently observed in cancer cells, making it a novel target for pharmacological and molecular inhibition. As inhibiting agents are delivered systemically, it is important to determine Chk‐α expression levels in endothelial cells that line both normal and tumor vasculature, and the effect of Chk‐α downregulation on these cells. Here, we characterized Chk‐α expression and the effect of its...

Read More thumbnail image: Characterization of choline kinase in human endothelial cells

A comprehensive non‐invasive framework for automated evaluation of acute renal transplant rejection using DCE‐MRI

Published: Jun 18, 2013

Author(s): Fahmi Khalifa, Mohamed Abou El‐Ghar, Behnaz Abdollahi, Hermann B. Frieboes, Tarek El‐Diasty, Ayman El‐Baz

Journal: NMR in Biomedicine

The objective was to develop a novel and automated comprehensive framework for the non‐invasive identification and classification of kidney non‐rejection and acute rejection transplants using 2D dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI). The proposed approach consists of four steps. First, kidney objects are segmented from the surrounding structures with a geometric deformable model. Second, a...

Read More thumbnail image: A comprehensive noninvasive framework for automated evaluation of acute renal transplant rejection using DCEMRI

Application of antibiotics as chiral selectors for capillary electrophoretic enantioseparation of pharmaceuticals: a review

Published: Jun 18, 2013

Author(s): Shuchi Dixit, Jung Hag Park

Journal: Biomedical Chromatography

ABSTRACT Recent years have witnessed several new trends in chiral separation, for example, the enantiorecognition ability of several new antibiotics has been explored using capillary electrophoresis (CE) prior to HPLC; antibiotics have been employed as chiral selectors (CSs) in a nonaqueous CE (NACE) mode; and several new detection techniques (namely, capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection) have been used in...

Read More thumbnail image: Application of antibiotics as chiral selectors for capillary electrophoretic enantioseparation of pharmaceuticals a review

Determination of flomoxef in human plasma by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Published: Jun 18, 2013

Author(s): Oxana Yu. Kravtsova, Sergey A. Paramonov, Natalya I. Vasilevich, Denis N. Kazyulkin, Ekaterina Vlasova, Michael Engsig

Journal: Biomedical Chromatography

ABSTRACT A specific, sensitive, rapid and reproducible method for the determination of flomoxef in human plasma using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated. Flomoxef was detected using an electrospay ionization method operated in negative‐ion mode. Chromatographic separation was performed in gradient elution mode on a Luna® C18(2) column (3 μm, 20 × 4.0 mm) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and...

Read More thumbnail image: Determination of flomoxef in human plasma by liquid chromatographyelectrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Dynamic detection of non‐protein‐bound strychnine and brucine in rabbit muscle and synovial fluid after topical application of total Strychnos alkaloid patches

Published: Jun 17, 2013

Author(s): Huaibo Tang, Miao Yan, Huande Li, Tianrong Xun, Yang Deng, Yeye Zhao, Long Deng

Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis

Semen Strychni, a known toxic drug in Chinese pharmacopoeia, is notable for its therapeutic effects on local muscle and joint pain. However, oral administration can be risky. Topically administered drugs accumulate in the topical muscles and knee joints without any major increase in plasma levels; only non‐protein‐bound drugs in the biological fluids of target tissues are effective for therapeutic effects. A sensitive and rapid ultra...

Read More thumbnail image: Dynamic detection of nonproteinbound strychnine and brucine in rabbit muscle and synovial fluid after topical application of total Strychnos alkaloid patches

Coupling of soft‐modeling methods with multivariate pattern recognition technique for the identification of nitroaniline isomers

Published: Jun 17, 2013

Author(s): Masoumeh Hasani, Fereshteh Emami

Journal: Journal of Chemometrics

A new approach that takes advantage of both soft‐modeling and pattern recognition methods is proposed to analyze kinetic data monitored spectrometrically to classify structurally similar nitroaniline isomers. The colorimetric condensation reaction of 1,2‐naphthoquinone‐4‐sulfonate (NQS) with amines has been used to classify 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐nitroaniline on the basis of their different kinetic properties. These nitroanilines react...

Read More thumbnail image: Coupling of softmodeling methods with multivariate pattern recognition technique for the identification of nitroaniline isomers

PROTEOMIC APPROACHES TO EVALUATE PROTEIN S ‐NITROSYLATION IN DISEASE

Published: Jun 15, 2013

Author(s): Laura M. López‐Sánchez, Chary López‐Pedrera, Antonio Rodríguez‐Ariza

Journal: Mass Spectrometry Reviews

Abstract Many of nitric oxide (NO) actions are mediated through the coupling of a nitroso moiety to a reactive cysteine leading to the formation of a S‐nitrosothiol (SNO), a process known as S‐nitrosylation or S‐nitrosation. In many cases this reversible post‐translational modification is accompanied by altered protein function and aberrant S‐nitrosylation of proteins, caused by altered production of NO and/or impaired SNO...

Read More thumbnail image: PROTEOMIC APPROACHES TO EVALUATE PROTEIN S NITROSYLATION IN DISEASE

Determination of Zn distribution and speciation in basic oxygen furnace sludge by synchrotron radiation induced μ‐XRF and μ‐XANES microspectroscopy

Published: Jun 15, 2013

Author(s): Lihua Wang, Xiaoming Lu, Yuying Huang

Journal: X-Ray Spectrometry

Basic oxygen furnace off gas (BOF OG) sludge is one important type of metallurgical residues in steelmaking industry. The presence of zinc element is one key factor that constrains the practical use of such metallurgical residues. Information about the chemical association of zinc in BOF OG sludge is fundamental for understanding its behavior during the formation and further treatments. In this paper, the spatial distribution and the...

Read More thumbnail image: Determination of Zn distribution and speciation in basic oxygen furnace sludge by synchrotron radiation induced XRF and XANES microspectroscopy

Metabolic imaging of acute and chronic infarction in the perfused rat heart using hyperpolarised [1‐ 13 C]pyruvate

Published: Jun 14, 2013

Author(s): Daniel R. Ball, Rachel Cruickshank, Carolyn A. Carr, Daniel J. Stuckey, Philip Lee, Kieran Clarke, Damian J. Tyler

Journal: NMR in Biomedicine

Hyperpolarised 13C MRI can be used to generate metabolic images of the heart in vivo. However, there have been no similar studies performed in the isolated perfused heart. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a method for the creation of 13C metabolite maps of the perfused rat heart and to demonstrate the technique in a study of acute and chronic myocardial infarction. Male Wistar rat hearts were isolated, perfused and imaged before and...

Read More thumbnail image: Metabolic imaging of acute and chronic infarction in the perfused rat heart using hyperpolarised 1 13 Cpyruvate

Ultrashort‐TE MRI longitudinal study and characterization of a chronic model of asthma in mice: inflammation and bronchial remodeling assessment

Published: Jun 13, 2013

Author(s): Andrea Bianchi, Annaïg Ozier, Olga Ousova, Gérard Raffard, Yannick Crémillieux

Journal: NMR in Biomedicine

Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), bronchial inflammation and remodeling. The great improvements in 1H MRI ultrashort‐TE (UTE) sequences in the last decade have allowed lung images with high‐resolution and good signal‐to‐noise ratio to be obtained in parenchymal tissues. In this article, we present a UTE 1H MRI high‐resolution study of a chronic model of asthma in mice with the aim to longitudinally...

Read More thumbnail image: UltrashortTE MRI longitudinal study and characterization of a chronic model of asthma in mice inflammation and bronchial remodeling assessment

Mapping of prostate cancer by 1 H MRSI

Published: Jun 13, 2013

Author(s): Thiele Kobus, Alan J. Wright, Tom W. J. Scheenen, Arend Heerschap

Journal: NMR in Biomedicine

In many studies, it has been demonstrated that 1H MRSI of the human prostate has great potential to aid prostate cancer management, e.g. in the detection and localisation of cancer foci in the prostate or in the assessment of its aggressiveness. It is particularly powerful in combination with T2‐weighted MRI. Nevertheless, the technique is currently mainly used in a research setting. This review provides an overview of the...

Read More thumbnail image: Mapping of prostate cancer by 1 H MRSI

Multimodal, label‐free nonlinear optical imaging for applications in biology and biomedical science

Published: Jun 11, 2013

Author(s): R. Mouras, P. Bagnaninchi, A. Downes, A. Elfick

Journal: Journal of Raman Spectroscopy

We have developed a multimodal optical platform for label‐free imaging on the basis of nonlinear optical microscopy (NLO) for applications in biology and biomedical science. Three application areas have been chosen as examples: regenerative medicine, drug delivery monitoring and cancer diagnosis. Obtained data showed the potential of NLO microscopy for the following: (1) investigating the stem cell differentiation states prior their use...

Read More thumbnail image: Multimodal labelfree nonlinear optical imaging for applications in biology and biomedical science

Fabrication of electroactive composite nanofibers of functionalized polymer and CNT capable of specifically binding with the IgE (Immunoglobulin E) antibody

Published: Jun 11, 2013

Author(s): Omotunde Olubi, Deepti Gadi, Biswajit Sannigrahi, Michael Williams, Barbara Baird, Ishrat Khan

Journal: Surface and Interface Analysis

Electroactive nanofibers decorated with α,ω‐bi‐(dinitrophenylcaproic acid), abbreviated as DNP, have been prepared by electrospinning a solution of α,ω‐bi[2,4‐dinitrophenylcaproic][poly(ethyleneoxide)‐b‐poly(2‐methoxystyrene)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide)], polystyrene and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The α,ω‐bi[2,4‐dinitrophenylcaproic][poly(ethyleneoxide)‐b‐poly(2‐methoxystyrene)‐b‐poly(ethyleneoxide)] polymers were synthesized by...

Read More thumbnail image: Fabrication of electroactive composite nanofibers of functionalized polymer and CNT capable of specifically binding with the IgE Immunoglobulin E antibody

Quantification of aconitine in post‐mortem specimens by validated liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method: Three case reports on fatal ´monkshood´ poisoning

Published: Jun 10, 2013

Author(s): Wolfgang Bicker, Fabio Monticelli, Andreas Bauer, Gabriele Roider, Thomas Keller

Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis

The diester‐diterpene alkaloid aconitine was quantified by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry in post‐mortem specimens of three cases where suicidal ingestion of Aconitum napellus L. (´monkshood´) was supposed. In an attempt at rationalization, sample preparation and chromatographic conditions of plasma/serum drug analysis routine were utilized. Linearity was established from 0.5 to 20 µg L‐1 using newborn calf serum (NCS) as a surrogate...

Read More thumbnail image: Quantification of aconitine in postmortem specimens by validated liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry method Three case reports on fatal monkshood poisoning

Multivariate curve resolution for understanding complex reactions

Published: Jun 9, 2013

Author(s): Randy J. Pell, Xiaoyun Chen

Journal: Journal of Chemometrics

Chemometrics is applied to in situ infrared spectra collected from a complex reacting mixture to elucidate the reaction mechanism. A series of models beginning with simple peak area progressing to classical least squares then to multivariate curve resolution with nonnegative spectral and concentration profile constraints and finally to multivariate curve resolution with nonnegative constraints and spectral and concentration profile...

Read More thumbnail image: Multivariate curve resolution for understanding complex reactions
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