EarlyView Articles
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Improved three‐dimensional Look–Locker acquisition scheme and angle map filtering procedure for T 1 estimation
Published: Jun 20, 2013
Author(s): CheukKai Hui, Emilio Esparza‐Coss, Ponnada A. Narayana
Journal: NMR in Biomedicine
The three‐dimensional (3D) Look–Locker (LL) acquisition is a widely used fast and efficient T1 mapping method. However, the multi‐shot approach of 3D LL acquisition can introduce reconstruction artifacts that result in intensity distortions. Traditional 3D LL acquisition generally utilizes a centric encoding scheme that is limited to a single phase‐encoding direction in k space. To optimize k‐space segmentation, an elliptical scheme with two...
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Timing dependence of peripheral pulse‐wave‐triggered pulsed arterial spin labeling
Published: Jun 20, 2013
Author(s): Yasutaka Fushimi, Tomohisa Okada, Akira Yamamoto, Mitsunori Kanagaki, Koji Fujimoto, Kaori Togashi
Journal: NMR in Biomedicine
Arterial spin labeling (ASL) has been developed into a useful technique that is capable of quantifying noninvasively local cerebral blood flow (CBF) using the water molecules in arterial blood as diffusible tracers. Pulsed ASL (PASL) is more strongly affected than continuous ASL (CASL) by cardiac pulsation, because the tag bolus is shorter than the cardiac cycle in most cases. No reports have yet clarified the effects of multiple cardiac...
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MR elastography in a murine stroke model reveals correlation of macroscopic viscoelastic properties of the brain with neuronal density
Published: Jun 20, 2013
Author(s): Florian Baptist Freimann, Susanne Müller, Kaspar‐Josche Streitberger, Jing Guo, Sergej Rot, Adnan Ghori, Peter Vajkoczy, Rolf Reiter, Ingolf Sack, Jürgen Braun
Journal: NMR in Biomedicine
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of neuronal density on viscoelastic parameters of living brain tissue after ischemic infarction in the mouse using MR elastography (MRE). Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the left hemisphere was induced in 20 mice. In vivo 7‐T MRE at a vibration frequency of 900 Hz was performed on days 3, 7, 14 and 28 (n = 5 per group) after MCAO, followed by the analysis of histological...
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Resonant inductive decoupling (RID) for transceiver arrays to compensate for both reactive and resistive components of the mutual impedance
Published: Jun 18, 2013
Author(s): Nikolai I. Avdievich, Jullie W. Pan, Hoby P. Hetherington
Journal: NMR in Biomedicine
Transceiver surface coil arrays improve transmit performance (B1/√kW) and B1 homogeneity for head imaging up to 9.4 T. To further improve reception performance and parallel imaging, the number of array elements must be increased with a corresponding decrease in their size. With a large number of small interacting antennas, decoupling is one of the most challenging aspects in the design and construction of transceiver arrays. Previously described ...
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The impact of myelination on axon sparing and locomotor function recovery in spinal cord injury assessed using diffusion tensor imaging
Published: Jun 18, 2013
Author(s): Tsang‐Wei Tu, Joong H. Kim, Feng Qin Yin, Lyn B. Jakeman, Sheng‐Kwei Song
Journal: NMR in Biomedicine
The dysmyelinated axons of shiverer mice exhibit impaired conduction characteristics, similar to early postnatal axons before myelination, whereas the patterns of neuronal activity and connectivity are relatively comparable with those of wild‐type myelinated axons. This unique dysmyelination pattern is exploited in the present study to determine the role of compact myelin in the loss and recovery of function following traumatic spinal...
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Characterization of choline kinase in human endothelial cells
Published: Jun 18, 2013
Author(s): Noriko Mori, Mayur Gadiya, Flonné Wildes, Balaji Krishnamachary, Kristine Glunde, Zaver M. Bhujwalla
Journal: NMR in Biomedicine
High choline kinase‐α (Chk‐α) expression is frequently observed in cancer cells, making it a novel target for pharmacological and molecular inhibition. As inhibiting agents are delivered systemically, it is important to determine Chk‐α expression levels in endothelial cells that line both normal and tumor vasculature, and the effect of Chk‐α downregulation on these cells. Here, we characterized Chk‐α expression and the effect of its...
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A comprehensive non‐invasive framework for automated evaluation of acute renal transplant rejection using DCE‐MRI
Published: Jun 18, 2013
Author(s): Fahmi Khalifa, Mohamed Abou El‐Ghar, Behnaz Abdollahi, Hermann B. Frieboes, Tarek El‐Diasty, Ayman El‐Baz
Journal: NMR in Biomedicine
The objective was to develop a novel and automated comprehensive framework for the non‐invasive identification and classification of kidney non‐rejection and acute rejection transplants using 2D dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI). The proposed approach consists of four steps. First, kidney objects are segmented from the surrounding structures with a geometric deformable model. Second, a...
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Application of antibiotics as chiral selectors for capillary electrophoretic enantioseparation of pharmaceuticals: a review
Published: Jun 18, 2013
Author(s): Shuchi Dixit, Jung Hag Park
Journal: Biomedical Chromatography
ABSTRACT Recent years have witnessed several new trends in chiral separation, for example, the enantiorecognition ability of several new antibiotics has been explored using capillary electrophoresis (CE) prior to HPLC; antibiotics have been employed as chiral selectors (CSs) in a nonaqueous CE (NACE) mode; and several new detection techniques (namely, capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection) have been used in...
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Determination of flomoxef in human plasma by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Published: Jun 18, 2013
Author(s): Oxana Yu. Kravtsova, Sergey A. Paramonov, Natalya I. Vasilevich, Denis N. Kazyulkin, Ekaterina Vlasova, Michael Engsig
Journal: Biomedical Chromatography
ABSTRACT A specific, sensitive, rapid and reproducible method for the determination of flomoxef in human plasma using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated. Flomoxef was detected using an electrospay ionization method operated in negative‐ion mode. Chromatographic separation was performed in gradient elution mode on a Luna® C18(2) column (3 μm, 20 × 4.0 mm) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and...
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Dynamic detection of non‐protein‐bound strychnine and brucine in rabbit muscle and synovial fluid after topical application of total Strychnos alkaloid patches
Published: Jun 17, 2013
Author(s): Huaibo Tang, Miao Yan, Huande Li, Tianrong Xun, Yang Deng, Yeye Zhao, Long Deng
Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis
Semen Strychni, a known toxic drug in Chinese pharmacopoeia, is notable for its therapeutic effects on local muscle and joint pain. However, oral administration can be risky. Topically administered drugs accumulate in the topical muscles and knee joints without any major increase in plasma levels; only non‐protein‐bound drugs in the biological fluids of target tissues are effective for therapeutic effects. A sensitive and rapid ultra...
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Coupling of soft‐modeling methods with multivariate pattern recognition technique for the identification of nitroaniline isomers
Published: Jun 17, 2013
Author(s): Masoumeh Hasani, Fereshteh Emami
Journal: Journal of Chemometrics
A new approach that takes advantage of both soft‐modeling and pattern recognition methods is proposed to analyze kinetic data monitored spectrometrically to classify structurally similar nitroaniline isomers. The colorimetric condensation reaction of 1,2‐naphthoquinone‐4‐sulfonate (NQS) with amines has been used to classify 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐nitroaniline on the basis of their different kinetic properties. These nitroanilines react...
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PROTEOMIC APPROACHES TO EVALUATE PROTEIN S ‐NITROSYLATION IN DISEASE
Published: Jun 15, 2013
Author(s): Laura M. López‐Sánchez, Chary López‐Pedrera, Antonio Rodríguez‐Ariza
Journal: Mass Spectrometry Reviews
Abstract Many of nitric oxide (NO) actions are mediated through the coupling of a nitroso moiety to a reactive cysteine leading to the formation of a S‐nitrosothiol (SNO), a process known as S‐nitrosylation or S‐nitrosation. In many cases this reversible post‐translational modification is accompanied by altered protein function and aberrant S‐nitrosylation of proteins, caused by altered production of NO and/or impaired SNO...
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Determination of Zn distribution and speciation in basic oxygen furnace sludge by synchrotron radiation induced μ‐XRF and μ‐XANES microspectroscopy
Published: Jun 15, 2013
Author(s): Lihua Wang, Xiaoming Lu, Yuying Huang
Journal: X-Ray Spectrometry
Basic oxygen furnace off gas (BOF OG) sludge is one important type of metallurgical residues in steelmaking industry. The presence of zinc element is one key factor that constrains the practical use of such metallurgical residues. Information about the chemical association of zinc in BOF OG sludge is fundamental for understanding its behavior during the formation and further treatments. In this paper, the spatial distribution and the...
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Metabolic imaging of acute and chronic infarction in the perfused rat heart using hyperpolarised [1‐ 13 C]pyruvate
Published: Jun 14, 2013
Author(s): Daniel R. Ball, Rachel Cruickshank, Carolyn A. Carr, Daniel J. Stuckey, Philip Lee, Kieran Clarke, Damian J. Tyler
Journal: NMR in Biomedicine
Hyperpolarised 13C MRI can be used to generate metabolic images of the heart in vivo. However, there have been no similar studies performed in the isolated perfused heart. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a method for the creation of 13C metabolite maps of the perfused rat heart and to demonstrate the technique in a study of acute and chronic myocardial infarction. Male Wistar rat hearts were isolated, perfused and imaged before and...
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Ultrashort‐TE MRI longitudinal study and characterization of a chronic model of asthma in mice: inflammation and bronchial remodeling assessment
Published: Jun 13, 2013
Author(s): Andrea Bianchi, Annaïg Ozier, Olga Ousova, Gérard Raffard, Yannick Crémillieux
Journal: NMR in Biomedicine
Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), bronchial inflammation and remodeling. The great improvements in 1H MRI ultrashort‐TE (UTE) sequences in the last decade have allowed lung images with high‐resolution and good signal‐to‐noise ratio to be obtained in parenchymal tissues. In this article, we present a UTE 1H MRI high‐resolution study of a chronic model of asthma in mice with the aim to longitudinally...
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Mapping of prostate cancer by 1 H MRSI
Published: Jun 13, 2013
Author(s): Thiele Kobus, Alan J. Wright, Tom W. J. Scheenen, Arend Heerschap
Journal: NMR in Biomedicine
In many studies, it has been demonstrated that 1H MRSI of the human prostate has great potential to aid prostate cancer management, e.g. in the detection and localisation of cancer foci in the prostate or in the assessment of its aggressiveness. It is particularly powerful in combination with T2‐weighted MRI. Nevertheless, the technique is currently mainly used in a research setting. This review provides an overview of the...
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Multimodal, label‐free nonlinear optical imaging for applications in biology and biomedical science
Published: Jun 11, 2013
Author(s): R. Mouras, P. Bagnaninchi, A. Downes, A. Elfick
Journal: Journal of Raman Spectroscopy
We have developed a multimodal optical platform for label‐free imaging on the basis of nonlinear optical microscopy (NLO) for applications in biology and biomedical science. Three application areas have been chosen as examples: regenerative medicine, drug delivery monitoring and cancer diagnosis. Obtained data showed the potential of NLO microscopy for the following: (1) investigating the stem cell differentiation states prior their use...
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Fabrication of electroactive composite nanofibers of functionalized polymer and CNT capable of specifically binding with the IgE (Immunoglobulin E) antibody
Published: Jun 11, 2013
Author(s): Omotunde Olubi, Deepti Gadi, Biswajit Sannigrahi, Michael Williams, Barbara Baird, Ishrat Khan
Journal: Surface and Interface Analysis
Electroactive nanofibers decorated with α,ω‐bi‐(dinitrophenylcaproic acid), abbreviated as DNP, have been prepared by electrospinning a solution of α,ω‐bi[2,4‐dinitrophenylcaproic][poly(ethyleneoxide)‐b‐poly(2‐methoxystyrene)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide)], polystyrene and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The α,ω‐bi[2,4‐dinitrophenylcaproic][poly(ethyleneoxide)‐b‐poly(2‐methoxystyrene)‐b‐poly(ethyleneoxide)] polymers were synthesized by...
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Quantification of aconitine in post‐mortem specimens by validated liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method: Three case reports on fatal ´monkshood´ poisoning
Published: Jun 10, 2013
Author(s): Wolfgang Bicker, Fabio Monticelli, Andreas Bauer, Gabriele Roider, Thomas Keller
Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis
The diester‐diterpene alkaloid aconitine was quantified by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry in post‐mortem specimens of three cases where suicidal ingestion of Aconitum napellus L. (´monkshood´) was supposed. In an attempt at rationalization, sample preparation and chromatographic conditions of plasma/serum drug analysis routine were utilized. Linearity was established from 0.5 to 20 µg L‐1 using newborn calf serum (NCS) as a surrogate...
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Multivariate curve resolution for understanding complex reactions
Published: Jun 9, 2013
Author(s): Randy J. Pell, Xiaoyun Chen
Journal: Journal of Chemometrics
Chemometrics is applied to in situ infrared spectra collected from a complex reacting mixture to elucidate the reaction mechanism. A series of models beginning with simple peak area progressing to classical least squares then to multivariate curve resolution with nonnegative spectral and concentration profile constraints and finally to multivariate curve resolution with nonnegative constraints and spectral and concentration profile...
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