EarlyView Articles
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Characterization of nucleobases and nucleosides in the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla collected from different cultivation regions
Published: Feb 14, 2013
Author(s): Wenjing Song, Yonghui Li, Jianguo Wang, Zeyou Li, Junqing Zhang
Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis
The fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla, known as Yizhi, Yakuchi and Ikji in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, respectively, has been utilized as an important drug for the treatment of diarrhea, dyspepsia, spermatorrhea, kidney asthenia and abdominal pain in East Asian traditional medicine for thousands of years. Since the therapeutic effects of A. oxyphylla are attributed to multiple components and nucleobases and nucleosides exhibit various bioactivities, it...
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Influence of near‐surface deformed layers on filiform corrosion of AA3104 aluminium alloy
Published: Feb 12, 2013
Author(s): Y. Liu, T. Hashimoto, X. Zhou, G. E. Thompson, G. M. Scamans, W. M. Rainforth, J. A. Hunter
Journal: Surface and Interface Analysis
The filiform corrosion behaviour of hot‐rolled AA3104 aluminium alloy was investigated in the presence of a near‐surface deformed layer produced by hot rolling. Through detailed examination of microstructure of the near‐surface deformed layer and observation of the propagation behaviour of filiform corrosion, it was found that lateral development of surface‐active filiform corrosion in the deformed layer was promoted by magnesium oxide in...
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Formation of alumina films with nano‐dot structures by successive liquid phase deposition, anodizing, and substrate dissolution
Published: Feb 11, 2013
Author(s): M. Sakairi, R. Fujita, H. Jha, T. Kikuchi
Journal: Surface and Interface Analysis
A process based on successive anodizing, liquid phase deposition (LPD), re‐anodizing, and aluminium substrate dissolution to form alumina films with nano‐dot structures is demonstrated. Initially, a protective oxide film is formed on the aluminium surface to prevent further dissolution of the aluminium substrate during LPD processing. Because of heterogeneity in the protective oxide film, localized dissolution would otherwise occur under...
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Stress corrosion cracking behaviour of conventional and innovative aluminium alloys for aeronautic applications
Published: Feb 7, 2013
Author(s): A. Astarita, C. Bitondo, A. Squillace, E. Armentani, F. Bellucci
Journal: Surface and Interface Analysis
In this work, the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviour of both innovative and conventional friction stir welded aluminium alloys was investigated. Similar butt joints were realized and tested; in particular, four different alloys for aeronautic applications were studied: AA2024 T3, AA2139 T3, AA2198 T3 and AA6056 T4. SCC tests were carried out following the international standards using a dedicated machine designed following as...
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Multivariate factor analysis of heavy minerals concentrate from Athabasca oil sands tailings by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Published: Feb 3, 2013
Author(s): Gregory M. Marshall, David M. Kingston, Kevin Moran, Patrick H.J. Mercier
Journal: Surface and Interface Analysis
Multivariate factor analysis of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data acquired from Athabasca oil sands heavy minerals concentrate was used to identify the primary mineral components and their physical associations. Using large‐area spectroscopy, a principal components analysis (PCA) and Varimax rotation of the PCA spectral loadings matrix demonstrated that the most significant factors index the mineral chemistry by virtue of the...
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Revealing the three dimensional internal structure of aluminium alloys
Published: Jan 31, 2013
Author(s): George Edward Thompson, Teruo Hashimoto, Xiang Li Zhong, Michele Curioni, Xiaorong Zhou, Peter Skeldon, Philip John Withers, James Andrew Carr, Alexander George Monteith
Journal: Surface and Interface Analysis
Abstract Materials ultramicrotomy has been progressed at Manchester for many years, enabling generation of suitably thin specimens for transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the remaining block specimen from which thin, electron transparent specimens have been generated also provides the basis for specimen preparation for high resolution backscattered electron imaging in the scanning electron microscope. This knowledge...
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Glycerol administration before endurance exercise: metabolism, urinary glycerol excretion and effects on doping‐relevant blood parameters
Published: Jan 28, 2013
Author(s): Karsten Koehler, Hans Braun, Markus Marees, Hans Geyer, Mario Thevis, Joachim Mester, Wilhelm Schaenzer
Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis
Glycerol is prohibited as a masking agent by the World Anti‐Doping Agency and a urinary threshold has recently been recommended. However, little is known about urinary glycerol excretion after exercise, when (1) exogenous glycerol is metabolized increasingly and (2) endogenous glycerol levels are elevated. The purpose of the placebo‐controlled cross‐over study was to determine the effects of pre‐exercise glycerol administration on...
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Mechanical characterization of low‐pressure cold‐sprayed metal coatings on aluminium
Published: Jan 27, 2013
Author(s): A. Astarita, M. Durante, A. Langella, M. Montuori, A. Squillace
Journal: Surface and Interface Analysis
Metal coatings are widely used in order to improve the superficial properties of mechanical components or tools. Cold spray deposition is an attractive technology that allows to realize a reported coating on a metallic or polymeric surface. The essence of the phenomenon is that particles of ductile metals or alloys, having diameter of approximately 10–100 micron, become deformed and strongly attached to a surface when they impinge on the...
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Microstructure and corrosion behaviour of low copper 7xxx aluminium alloy
Published: Jan 27, 2013
Author(s): A. Cassell, G. E. Thompson, X. Zhou, A. Afseth, H. Dunlop, M‐A. Kulas, L. Peguet, G. Scamans
Journal: Surface and Interface Analysis
High strength aluminium alloys provide benefits in vehicle efficiency and energy consumption. Weldable, lean 7xxx aluminium alloys are currently being developed for body‐in‐white production. In the present study, the influences of thermomechanical history on microstructure and, consequently, on the corrosion behaviour of lean 7xxx aluminium alloys have been investigated. Accelerated corrosion testing has been carried out to assess the...
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The usefulness of hydrazine derivatives for mass spectrometric analysis of carbohydrates
Published: Jan 23, 2013
Author(s): Erika Lattová, Hélène Perreault
Journal: Mass Spectrometry Reviews
Abstract Over the last years, extensive studies have evaluated glycans from different biological samples and validated the importance of glycosylation as one of the most important post‐translational modifications of proteins. Although a number of new methods for carbohydrate analysis have been published and there has been significant progress in their identification, the development of new approaches to study these biomolecules and...
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Manufacturing of innovative components formed using SPF processes and filled with aluminum metal foams
Published: Jan 21, 2013
Author(s): A. Astarita, L. Carrino, S. Franchitti, A. Langella, V. Paradiso
Journal: Surface and Interface Analysis
This work is part of scientific studies with the wider aim to produce components for aerospace industrial applications. Particularly, components with complex geometry are manufactured by using innovative technologies. The aim of this paper is to verify the technological feasibility of the manufacturing of components formed using Super Plastic Forming (hereinafter called SPF) process and filled with aluminum foam. The component under...
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Influence of surface pretreatments on the corrosion protection of sol–gel coated AA2024‐T3 aluminium alloy
Published: Jan 21, 2013
Author(s): Z. Feng, Y. Liu, T. Hashimoto, G. E. Thompson, X. Zhou, P. Skeldon
Journal: Surface and Interface Analysis
In the present study, the effects of surface pretreatments of AA2024 aluminium alloy on the corrosion protection of the alloy using a sol–gel coating were investigated. It was revealed that the second phase particles that remain after etching and desmutting have a significant impact on the subsequent sol–gel coating which, in turn, influences the overall corrosion protection afforded to the substrate by the sol–gel coating. The removal of...
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A consistent description of intermetallic particle composition: An analysis of ten batches of AA2024‐T3
Published: Jan 21, 2013
Author(s): A. E. Hughes, A. M. Glenn, N. Wilson, A. Moffatt, A. J. Morton, R. G. Buchheit
Journal: Surface and Interface Analysis
Advances in electron microprobe analyses have made it possible to characterise large areas at very fine pixel size relatively quickly. In a recent study by some of the authors, a 2 × 2 mm2 area of AA2024‐T351 was mapped using a step size of approximately 0.4 µm. Both wavelength dispersive intensities as well as energy dispersive spectra were collected at each pixel thus forming a hyperspectral dataset. That study revealed a number of...
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Reference ranges for the urinary steroid profile in a Latin‐American population
Published: Jan 21, 2013
Author(s): D. Martínez‐Brito, M. T. Correa Vidal, X. Torre, V. García‐Mir, O. Ledea Lozano, M. Granda Fraga
Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis
The urinary steroid profile has been used in clinical endocrinology for the early detection of enzyme deficiencies. In the field of doping, its evaluation in urine samples is used to diagnose the abuse of substances prohibited in sport. This profile is influenced by sex, age, exercise, diet, and ethnicity, among others; laboratories own reference ranges might compensate for ethnic differences among population and inter‐laboratory biases....
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Anodizing of AA6063 aluminium alloy profiles: Generation of dark appearance
Published: Jan 15, 2013
Author(s): Y. Ma, X. Zhou, G. E. Thompson, J‐O. Nilsson, M. Gustavsson, A. Crispin
Journal: Surface and Interface Analysis
The generation of dark appearance on an anodized AA6063‐T6 aluminium alloy profile has been investigated. Plan and cross‐sectional views of the anodic films of normal and dark samples revealed a distinct layer, of 1–2 µm thickness, decorated with characteristic features in the outer film regions of the dark sample, contrasting with typical porous anodic film of the normal sample. Additionally, it was revealed that the alloy substrate of...
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Corrosion fatigue behaviour of Ti‐6Al‐4V in methanol environment
Published: Jan 15, 2013
Author(s): Sergio Baragetti
Journal: Surface and Interface Analysis
During the last decades, the Ti‐6Al‐4V titanium alloy has been widely used for several advanced applications in the aerospace, automotive and naval industry. Particularly, an improvement on the knowledge of the fatigue behaviour of mechanical components made of Ti‐6Al‐4V, while operating in corrosive media, would be fundamental for aircraft or offshore applications to prevent dramatic failures due to environment‐assisted fatigue or...
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Optimization of anodizing cycles for enhanced performance
Published: Jan 14, 2013
Author(s): M. Curioni, T. Gionfini, A. Vicenzo, P. Skeldon, G. E. Thompson
Journal: Surface and Interface Analysis
Anodizing of aluminium alloys is often used to improve appearance, corrosion resistance or adhesion with organic coatings, with properties of the oxides tailored by controlling the anodizing conditions. Some electrolytes can be used in relatively wide ranges of concentration, temperature and potential or current, while others display a narrower operational range. Optimization of the anodizing process is a non‐trivial task, involving the...
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Grain‐stored energy and the propagation of intergranular corrosion in AA2xxx aluminium alloys
Published: Jan 14, 2013
Author(s): X. Zhou, C. Luo, Y. Ma, T. Hashimoto, G.E. Thompson, A.E. Hughes, P. Skeldon
Journal: Surface and Interface Analysis
Abstract In the present study, intergranular corrosion (IGC) in AA2024 and AA2099 aluminium alloys was investigated. The IGC propagation path was examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopies. Further, electron backscatter diffraction was employed to investigate the relationship between the grain structure and the IGC susceptibility. It was found that IGC could occur at grain boundaries where second phase...
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A decade of plant proteomics and mass spectrometry: Translation of technical advancements to food security and safety issues
Published: Jan 11, 2013
Author(s): Ganesh Kumar Agrawal, Abhijit Sarkar, Pier Giorgio Righetti, Romina Pedreschi, Sebastien Carpentier, Tai Wang, Bronwyn J. Barkla, Ajay Kohli, Bongani Kaiser Ndimba, Natalia V. Bykova, Christof Rampitsch, Lello Zolla, Mohamed Suhail Rafudeen, Rainer Cramer, Laurence Veronique Bindschedler, Nikolaos Tsakirpaloglou, Roya Janeen Ndimba, Jill M. Farrant, Jenny Renaut, Dominique Job, Shoshi Kikuchi, Randeep Rakwal
Journal: Mass Spectrometry Reviews
Abstract Tremendous progress in plant proteomics driven by mass spectrometry (MS) techniques has been made since 2000 when few proteomics reports were published and plant proteomics was in its infancy. These achievements include the refinement of existing techniques and the search for new techniques to address food security, safety, and health issues. It is projected that in 2050, the world's population will reach 9–12 billion...
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UR‐144 in products sold via the Internet: Identification of related compounds and characterization of pyrolysis products
Published: Jan 11, 2013
Author(s): Pierce Kavanagh, Andrej Grigoryev, Sergey Savchuk, Irina Mikhura, Andrew Formanovsky
Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis
The synthetic cannabinoid, UR‐144 ((1‐pentyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)(2,2,3,3‐tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone), was identified in commercial ‘legal high’ products (herbal, resin, and powder). Along with this, six related compounds were detected. The most abundant one (2.1) was identified as 4‐hydroxy‐3,3,4‐trimethyl‐1‐(1‐pentyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)pentan‐1‐one, a product of the electrophilic addition of water to the cyclopropane moiety in UR‐144. Compound 2.1 was...
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